Latin American countries experience resurgence of banana republic-style governance

Peru and Venezuela Experience Rising Insecurity and Militarized Politics

In recent years, several South American countries have faced increasing insecurity and militarized politics, eroding democratic legitimacy. The attack on Caracas, the abduction of Nicolas Maduro, and threats towards Colombian and Mexican presidents by US President are indicative of a concerning trend. Elections in the region are also set to take place later this year, further exacerbating tensions.

Decades of economic growth have led to unequal dividends, with some groups reaping more benefits than others. The post-pandemic erosion of state capacity has widened this gap, making hard-line, populist responses more appealing. Domestic and external factors are converging, threatening the region’s democratic institutions.

Peru is a notable example. Despite experiencing above-average economic growth and attracting foreign investment, the country has struggled with institutional stability. Seven presidents in nine years have highlighted a deeper political dysfunction. Sociologist Julio Cotler attributes this to the enrichment of elites through exports of raw materials, which has led to a lack of incentives for sharing gains or building capable institutions.

Transport strikes and extortion have repeatedly paralyzed Lima, while protests turned deadly in October 2025. The government’s response has been militarization, with soldiers patrolling the streets under President José Jerí’s declaration of a state of emergency. Ecuador has also taken similar measures, leading to human rights violations.

The 2026 presidential campaign in Peru is further exacerbating this trend, with frontrunners promising mega-prisons and drone surveillance. Keiko Fujimori, daughter of former president Alberto Fujimori, has openly invoked “mano dura” as a solution to the crisis. Across the Andes, the concept of “order” is being touted as a magical solution, reinforced by US support for repression.

The region’s democratic institutions are facing significant challenges, with rising insecurity and militarized politics threatening to undermine legitimacy. The consequences of this trend will be closely watched in the coming years.

Source: Al Jazeera