Syrian Democratic Forces face integration challenges in Aleppo region

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A temporary ceasefire has been announced in Aleppo, Syria, following clashes between the Syrian army and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) that have resulted in at least 22 deaths. The fighting has highlighted ongoing tensions between Damascus and the SDF, both backed by the United States.

In March last year, an agreement was signed to integrate the Syrian-dominated forces into a state institution, but progress on this front has been limited. Sporadic violence between the two sides escalated into intense fighting this week, prompting a truce announcement on Friday. However, analysts warn that without a comprehensive resolution to the tensions, further conflict is likely.

The SDF controls large parts of northeast Syria and its merger with the state remains stalled. Experts note that while there may be international reluctance to engage in major conflict at present, fundamental issues between the two sides remain unresolved. The US has expressed support for the SDF, but analysts caution that without a resolution, renewed violence is probable.

The fighting has displaced tens of thousands of people in several neighborhoods, with both sides accusing each other of initiating the violence. A temporary ceasefire was announced, which was later extended to allow SDF fighters to leave the area. However, Kurdish councils have rejected calls to vacate their neighborhoods, stating that they will defend them instead.

The March 2025 deal between the Syrian government and the SDF aims to bring the Kurdish-led forces under state institutions, but no meaningful progress has been made towards integration. The agreement includes provisions for a nationwide ceasefire, cooperation with the state on confronting pro-al-Assad armed groups, and formal recognition of the Kurds as an integral part of Syria.

A meeting between senior SDF commanders and government officials in January concluded without tangible outcomes, with talks suspended pending further negotiation. The SDF was established in 2015, following the Syrian civil unrest that began in 2011. It is backed by a US-led international coalition and continues to be supported by Washington despite being linked to a listed terrorist group.

Source: Al Jazeera